Helmina blumenbebg



1'. R.- BLU'MENBBRG, Deod.

(Ng Model.) '2 Sheets-Sheet l1.

' l W.- BLUMENERG, 'Adminismfatrx VAPOR GENERATOR AND MOTOR.

N. PETERS. Pnunrnnwmimr. wasmngwn D. cA

(NoMoael.) I. R. BLUMENBERG., Dfid- 2 sneens-sneet2- W. BLUMENBERG, Administratrx. VAPOR GENERATOR AND MOTOR.

No. 290,963. Y 'i Patented 1390.25, 1883...

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f r UNITED STATES. Artnr risica ISRAEL It. BLUMENBERG, vASHINCrTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA; VIL- IIELMINA BLUMENBEBG, ADMINISTRATRIX OF SAID BLUMENBERG, DE- CEASED, ASSIGNOR TO FRANCIS H. SMITI-I, OF SAME PLACE.

VAPOR GENERATOR AND MOTOR.

sp iCIlTICATION forming 'part of Letters Patent No. 290,963. dated Dccur-.tcr 25, 1853.

p A Application filed December 10,192, (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: chambers by induction and eduction pipes with Be it known that I, ISRAEL It. BLUMEN an auxiliary steam-boiler. `BFRG,acitizen oftheUnited States of America, It also consists in the method of injecting residing at Wiashington city, inthe District of volatile fluid into a horizontal vapor-gener1 55 5 Columbia, have invented certain new and useator having induction and eduetion pipes, and ful Improvements in Vapor Generators and a cluster of longitudinally-adjusted ducts or Si Motors, of which the following is a specifica tubes heated by steam received through an inftion, reference being had therein to the accomduction-pipe attached to the steam-chest on .panying drawings. the end of the generator, from an auxiliary 63 io My invention relates to a new and useful steam-boiler with which it makes connection, method of utilizing volatile fluids as a powerand by the heat thus acquiredtoinstantly coni; motor, as well as improvements in the form, vert `the same into power-vapor, the said genconstructiomand arrangement of power-vapor erator being provided with another steamgenerators, heating boilers and furnaces, and chest at the opposite end,connected by an educ- 6 5 15 .of motor-engines, as well as in the mode of adtion-pipe therefrom with the auxiliary boiler L justing and connecting the several parts one to aid in keeping up afree circulation of fresh fte-the other; land it consists in instantaneously hot steam. converting into power-vapor volatile uid by Figure 1 is a perspective of a horizontal automatically, and as it is required, injecting vapor-generator. showing the induction and 2o it in a spray or shower, through roses or other eduction pipes, the steam induction and educsimilar and suitable devices, into an empty tion pipes, the general supply pipe and cock, horizontal chamber onto numerous tubes adand the receiving and discharging steam-Chanijusted horizontally'in a cluster, and secured' bers thereto attached, the steam boiler and t in place and heated by steam passing therefurnace, a horizontal engine showing the con- 75 2 5 through. I t nection-pipes, also the end of the condenser E It also consistsin horizontally adjusting and and the pump h. Fig. 2is alongitudinal versecuring, in a cluster, by their ends in the optical scction of a horizontal vapor-generator `posite ends of a horizontal vapor-generating and connecting induction and eduction pipes,

chamber,uuder cover of steam chests or domes showingthe arrangement of the distributing- So 3o secured thereon, a large number of small tubes nozzle, the steam ducts or pipes c, the steam inusedas steamducts, which pass longitudinallyl duction pipe b and eduction pipe b2, together through the generating chamber, through with a side elevation of a steam-boiler, I), and f which heat is supplied to vaporize the volafurnace. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of a horitile iiuid. zontal vapor-generator with the steam-cham- S 35 It also consists in heating such longitudiber removed, showing the open ends and an nally-adj usted tubes and ducts and the genrangement of the steam-ducts or heatingpipes erating-chamber by a continuous oiv of steam c. Fig. iV is a side eleva-tion of a combined ejected therein. Y vertical vapor e generator, steanrboiler, fur- It also consists in securing on the ends of nace, andash-pit, and horizontal engine,show 9o 4ol theseveral induction-pipes, within a horizoning the connecting-pipes, various gages, blow- AAral Vapor-generator,a rose or distributingnozpipe, and general supply-pipe e. `zle for discharging the Huid, used in a spray or Similar letters of reference indicate corre- -shower on the horizontally-arranged tubes bespending parts.

low. a is a horizontal vapor-generator of metal 95 45- `It also consists in securing on the outside, of great tensile strength, closed at the ends by .covering a great portion of the ends of a hori- 4heads a? ofthe same material, and all the joints `zontal vapor-generator-one at each end-a made absolutely vapor-tight.l Itl may be consteam chest or chamber, preferably dome- .structed in cylindrical or any .suitable form shaped, which inclose the `open ends of the that will serve the purpose,in the proportionV roo 5o longitudinally-adj usted cluster of steam-ducts; about as two is to five. I prefer, howeverthe ,f also, in connecting the said steam chests or Acylindrical form shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,

.mizing fuel and saving money.

and is provided with a cluster of small tubes or steam-ducts, c, which pass longitudinally through the cylinder a, the open ends thereof being secured by vapor-tight joints in the heads ai", taking up from one-half to threeiifths of the interior ofthe generator a, which is also provided with induction-pipes c c, terminating in roses or distributing-noses ci c, by which the liquid to be used is carried into the generator and distributed in a spray or shower onto the heated metal below; also, with an induetion-pipe,j', provided with a throttle valve,f`, for carrying the generated vapor from the generator to the cylindcrj" of the motorengine A.

Inclosing the open ends olI the tubes or steamducts c, secured on the ends a ot` the generator a by steam-tight joints, are dei'lecting steam chests or chambers c connected by induction and eduction pipes b Ir' with a steamboiler, I), all the various joints ot' which are made steam-tight- The generator a is also provided with a vapor-gage, el", and a safetyvalve, c". The induction-pipes care provided with check-valves c", and are attached to a general supply-piped, having a stop-cock and cheek-valve, c, which pipe, by its opposite end, connects with a pump, i1. The steam induction pipe b and cduction pipe b2, provided with stop-cocks b and b", respectively, connect the vapor-generator with the steamboiler. Steam from the boiler is carried through the induction-pipe b to the deflecting heating steam chest or chamber a, from which it is distributed to and passes through the steam-duct c into the deilecting steamchamber fr at the opposite end ofthe generator, from which it is carried back again to the steam-boiler by the eduction-pipe b2. It will be observed thatthe continuous supply of fresh vigorous steam will expel the inert and partially-condensed steam and keep the parts heated up to the temperature requisite for vaporizing the volatile liquor. So soon as the generatiiig-chamber c and the ducts c are heated to the temperature required, the volatile iinid is injected through the pipes c and thrown in a shower or spray upon the cluster of heated t'ubes c below, where itis instantaneously converted into power-vapor and carried through the eduction-pipef to the engine-cylinderj", where, by direct impact acting upon the pistonf', the engine A is actuated, which, among its other duties, through an eccentric, propels the liquor-supply pump 71, which in turn alitomatically and continuously supplies the vaporgenerator with volatile iluid, whereby the momentum is kept up, and the power made continuous and uniform.

Instead of usinga steam-boiler,b,constructed specially for the purpose, the vapor-generator may be attached by the pipe b to a boiler, generating steam for any other purpose, using the surplus or waste steam thereof, thus econo- The powervapor having been used, exhausts its force, and through an exhaust-pipe immediately escapes into a condenser, where it is returned to atluid state, and returned to the reservoir by a connecting-pipe, to be reused ad nnitzua. The several joints, as well oi' the vapor-generator and the connectinginduction and eduction pipes as the engine-cylinder, steaiuducts, induction and ednction pipes, and the various connections, are so constructed, adjusted, arranged, and packed as to prevent any possibility ot` escape either oi' the vapor 0r steam.

To be more clearly understood, I desire to say the joints, valves, and connections of the steam ducts, pipes, and steam-chests are so constructed, arranged. and packed that the escape of vapor and steam is wholly impossible, and the possibility of the vapor and steam coming together wholly precluded. The throttle-valvej', thejeints and connections of the eduction-pipej', the connections and valves of the indnctionpipes c, as well as the several connections and valves of the eylinderf, are so constructed, arranged, and packed that there is no possibility ofthe vapor leaking ont or escaping, and to the end that the vapor may not escape by way of the channel of the reciprocating rodf" ofthe engine-piston within the packing-box r ofthe eylinderf, I construct a tank or reservoir or chamber, s, through which the piston reciprocating rod moves, and iill it with glycerine or other similar material that will also serve as a lubricant, so that in addition to serving as a packing, and to iill in the interstices and seal up theI channel through which the reciprocating rod passes, and thus prevent the escape of the vapor, it will act as a lubricator, and the reciprocating rod, in passing backward and forward, will automatically lubricate the interior ofthe cylinder.

s is a drop or fountain l ubricator, constructed in the extreme outer wall ot' the packing-box.

XVhile I describe herein the construction and arrangement of my fluid-packing device, as I seek to protect it by Letters Iatent in another application now pending, I do not specifically claim it in this application.

I do not confine myself to the use of any character of joint-packing for the purpose indicated above. I prefer, however, to use the packing invented by myself, and secured to me by Letters Patent No. 230,996, and dated August IO, A. D. 1880.

My horizontal generator having been setup, as indicated, and all necessary connections made with the pump 71, the {luid-reservoir F, and the engine A, the power-vapor is generated by heat produced by steam obtained from the boiler b, passinginto the steanrchest a', thence through the steam-ducts c into the steam-chest and out through pipe b2, as hereinafter described.

The induction-pipes c, preferably copper pipes of about seven-eighths of an inch in diameter secured in the crown of the vaporgenerator, are provided with check-valves el near the shell of the generator, to prevent the vapor from forcing its way ont through the supply-pipe c', and thence to the pump h, and

IOO

terminate in roses e2 within the generator a, and are connected with the supply-pipe c. The roses e2 are of any approved design that will best perform the function of distributing vthe volatile liquid in a shower or spray over the most extensive surface. The supply-pipe e is an ordinary metal pipe about seven-eighths of aninchin diameter, p1 ovided with a stop-cock or globe-valve, e, to regulate the flow of the volatile liquor. The pipe c is connected at one end with the induction-pipes e, and at the other with the pump h, and is used'V for conveying the fluid from the reservoir F to vaporgenerator a.

The eductionpipef should be constructed of metal of considerable tensile strength, may be of any diameter requisite, 'and provided with a throttle-valve, f2, through which the tlow of the vapor from the generator to the cylinder f of the engine A is regulated. This pipe is secured by one end to the generator c by a vapor-tight joint, and by the other end to the engine-cylinder A by a similar joint.

cwis an ordinary vapor-gage to show the pressure.

c9 is an ordinary weighted safety-valve connected by apipe, c5, with the surface-eenden ser E, or any other condenser used, so that if by any chance there should be too heavy a head of vapor in the generator it would escape through the safety-valve to the condenser, be immediately converted into fluidand avoid accident.

k2 and 7a3 are the ordinary steam-gages used t0 indicate the pressure of the steam in the A is a motor-engine, vertical or horizontal, having a band-wheel, n', and a balance-wheel, n, and in addition to its other functions through a shaft, h', attached to an eccentric and connected with the pump It, it automatically supplies the iiuid to the generator a.. Connected with the engine by an exhaust-pipe, o, is a surface-condenser, E.

E is a surface-condenser, fully described in the specification to Letters Patent No. 238,754, granted to me March 15, A. D. 1881, and is used for condensing the vapor after it has been used in the cylinder f before it is returned through the pipe o to the reservoir F, and is attached to the engine by the exhaust-pipe o. While l prefer this style of condenser, I do not confine myself exclusively to its use or to any form,'using as well the coil-pipe or any approved form in use. k are blow-pipes on the condenser E.

h is a force-pump, operated through the reciprocating shaft h by an eccentric on the engine A. By the pump h the liuid is drawn from a reservoir, (not shown,) through a suitable connecting-pipe, andV injected into the empty chamber of the vapor-generator athrough the pipes e e and distributingnozzles e?.

The various -partshaving been adjusted and connected as herein shown, the reservoir suptained, the pump is set to drawing liquid from the reservoir F through the pipe o3, and fore ing it to the generator a, where, through the induction-pipes e and roses e2, it is distributed in a shower or spray upon the heated tubes c, where it is immediately converted into power vapor, and by the eduction-pipef carried to the cylinder f', and made to actuate the piston f3 ofthe motor-engine, escaping thence through the exhaust o to the condenser E, where it is again converted into fluid and returned to the reservoir F, to be again used. The operation being continuous, the liuid is used ad mfmttmn without loss or waste, and there being no escape for the steam there is no loss of water, a barrelfiof water per day being sufficient to run an engine of from twenty to one hundred horse-power, and as after the first heating the boilers are not replenished by cold water but by partially-condensed steam, it will require less fuel to keep up the temperature required' to generate vapor.

In vapor-motors a perfect' lubricator is absolutely requisite, as the lubricator used must of necessityperform the double 'function of causing the parts to move smoothly and act as a complete barrier to the escape of the vapor used as a motor through the movement of the piston.

vExperience has demonstrated that no lubricator has yet been discovered that meets these requirements better than glycerine, which can be stored in the following manner, and made to serve as an excellent fluid packing, as well as a lubricant.

I construct in the packing-box r of the cylinder f of the mogor-engine A a tank, reservoir, or chamber, s, through which the piston reciprocating rod f3 moves. This chamber is filled with glycerine or other similar lubricator, which fills in and seals up the channels surrounding the piston-rod, which, as it passes backward and forward, automatically lubri cates the parts; and with the further view to keeping the piston free in the extreme outer wall ot' the cylinder or packingbox r, I constructasecond lubricating-chamber, s". While I describe this device here, I only do so to show its connection and association, as I have now pending an application for a patent on this feature.

I am aware that numerous'attempts have heretofore been made to advantageously employ vapor generated from b isuiphide of carbon and other volatile iiuids as an active motor agent, and many devices have been designed to that end. The difficulty heretofore has been to so construct the machinery as to secure a steady, uniform, reliable power, and at the Sametime econolnize fuel, space, cost of machinery, and money, as well as to produce something that may be introduced into every-day use. I claim that by my invention I have ac- IIO vapor required; that by injecting the volatile fluid in a spray into the empty heated chamber enlarged by the many tubes c, I regulate and can keep up a uniform power withoutincreasing my consumption of fuel, beit greater or lesser; that by preventing the escape of vapor by my packing,which practical experience has demonstrated cannot be surpassed, if it can be equaled, by any packing now in use, and the peculiar construction ot' my cylinder, and by condensing and by reusing the lluid and by returning the haltcondensed steam to the auxiliary boilers, l economize the fuel required or necessary for raising water from its normal temperature to that of boiling water, and avoid enormous expense. As compared with steam, exclusive ofthe difference between the cost of my motor and that of steam-motors of equal or less power and the economy of space as an item of importance, I would suggest that the speeitie heat required to raise bisulphide of carbon from a comparable to a boiling point, water being one or unit, is .248967 or, in other words, it takes only about onc-fourth as much heat to raise bisulphide of carbon from ordinary temperature to its boiling-point as it does waterto its boilingpoint. This cut off three-fourths of the fuel for that part of the work. Again, the latent heat of vaporization-L e., the amount of heat required to convert a unit of a body at its boilingpoint from the liquid to its vapor state, both liquid and vaporbeing at the same temperature-of bisulphide of carbon is only one-1ifth of that of water, or one-sixth of the amount of heat required by water will do the same work with motors constructed as herein shown. The loss of heatby radiation from my motor will be very much less than where steam is employed, for two reasons: First, the lower temperature-that is, the 180o of heat required to vaporize the fluid used in this class of motors as compared with the 240 or more rcquired for steam-engines-as the ratio of radiation advances rapidly as the temperature rises, and then the smallness of my generator as compared with steam-boilers, presents much less surface for the emission of heat. These and other equally cogent reasons are worthy of due consideration when about toinvest in a power-motor.

Vapor-motors are no more complicated nor dificultto understand, but are much more easily handled than a steam-motor, and are perfectly traetable. By simply turning or opening the valve e3, l can raise my power from zero to five hundred pounds pressure to the square inch, and by reversing or closing the valve reduce it again to zero, the whole operation taking less than half a minute, and this with but from three to ten pounds of steam-pressure for heating purposes. Vaporanotors are safer than steam, for the moment the pump ceases to supply the fluid or the valve c is closed the power to do mischief' is gone. If, however, by any chance too great a pressure of vapor is permitted to accumulate in the generator, the safety-valve will give way and inject the vapor into the condenser, where it is immediately resolved into a harmless liquid. Even should an explosion take place, there are no ponderous boilers to be rent and with superheated steam and boiling water made the instruments of death and destruction.

Having now fully described my device, what I esteem as new, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is-

l. rlhe method of vaporizing volatile fluids and generating power-vapor by automatically and as it is required injecting volatile fluid in a spray or shower into an empty horizontal metal chamber at right angles with and bringing it in contact with numerous small steam ducts or tubes adjusted therein, which tubes or ducts are heated by currents of fresh steam passing therethrough, substantially as shown and described.

2. A horizontal vapor generator having steam chests or chambers secured on the ends thereof, and containing a large number of small open horizontal steam-ducts longitudinally adjusted therein, arranged substantially as shown and described.

3. The method of heating a horizontal vapor generator having steam chambers 0r chests, one at each end, and containing a large number of open steam-duets adjusted therein, by introducing and causing to circulate in such ducts a continuous flow of fresh steam obtained from an auxilliary boiler, and by suitable pipes carried thereto, substantially as shown and described.

4. A horizontal vapor-generator provided with numerous small horizontal tubes or steamducts, adjusted longitudinally therein and secured by their open ends in the opposite ends thereof, and with deilecting steam chambers or chests secured on the outside at each end thereof over the open ends of such stcamduets, in combination with steam-induction pipe b, steam -eduction pipe b, and steamboiler b, substantially as shown and described.

5. A horizontal vapor generator having defleeting steam chambers or chests secured on the outside at each end thereof, and provided with a large number of open horizontal steamduets longitudinally adj usted therein,lin combination with eduction-pipe f, throttle-valve f '2, and engine cylinder j", substantially as shown and described.

6. A horizontal vapor-generator having dcflecting steam chambers or chests secured on the ends, and a number of small horizontal IOO steam duets or pipes longitudinally adj usted and secured by the open ends therein, in combination with distributing-roses c", inductionpipes e, check-valve e, general supply-pipe e', valve e, and pump h, for supplying volatile fluid automatically and as it is required, substantially as shown and described.

7. The method of producing power-vapor by automatically injecting volatile fluid, in a shower or spray through induction-pipes terminating in roses, into a chamber having an eduotion-pipe, a safety-valve, and vapor` I tie-valve f2, engine-cylinder f, exhaust-pipe gage, and numerous steam ducts or pipes arranged horizontally in a cluster and passing longitudinally through the lower division thereof, the open ends of which ducts are incased With steam chambers 0r chests provided with steam induction and eduction pipes, substantially as shown and described. I

S. A horizontal vapor-generator having induction-pipe e, rose e2, check-valve e, and eduction-pipe j', a cluster of steam-ducts, c, steam chests or chambers a a2, in combination with steam-pipes `b b2, auxiliary steam-boiler b, general supply-pipe e', throttle-valve e, pump h, reservoir F, and with eduction-pipe f, throttle-valvefz, engine-cylinderf, exhaust o, condenser E, and reservoir F, the Whole constructed, arranged, and connected substantially as shown and described.

9. In combination, steam-boiler b, induetion-pipe b', eduction-pipe b2, steam-chest, vapor-generator a, induction-pipes e, roses e2, check-valve e, supply-pipe e', throttle-valve es, pump lz', reservoir F, eduction-pipe f, throt- 0,'condenser E, pipe 0', and reservoir F, all adjusted and arranged substantially as shown and described.

10. In combination with avapor-generator, a, provided with induction-pipes having roses for distributing the liquid in a spray or shower upon the naked heated metal below, an eduction-pipe for carrying the generated vapor to the engine-cylinder, a cluster of steam-duets to provide heat for converting volatile liquid into vapor, steam domes or chests a. a2, steaminduction pipe b', steam eduction pipe b2, steam-boiler andlfurnacc b, the latter provided'with a steam-gage, a water-induction pipe, a Wastepipe, and a blow-pipe, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereofI have affixed mysignature, in presence of two Witnesses, this 8th day of December, 1882.

. ISRAEL R. BLUMENBERG.

Witnesses:

A. P. RUTHERFORD, HENRY PoLsz. 

